Are you looking for the money you will make growing tomato tree fruits in Kenya?
Tamarillo farming, often referred to as tree tomato farming, has emerged as a promising agricultural venture in Kenya, driven by its long productive life, growing market demand, and potential for significant profits.
This detailed analysis explores How Profitable is Tamarillo Farming in Kenya? Looking into its profitability, cultivation practices, market dynamics, and economic potential, providing a comprehensive guide for farmers and entrepreneurs in the crop.
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What is Tamarillo Farming?
Tamarillo farming involves cultivating the tamarillo plant (Solanum betaceum), a small tree or shrub in the nightshade family, known for its egg-shaped, red or yellow fruit, also called tree tomato. The fruit is rich in vitamins A and C, with a tangy flavor, making it popular for fresh consumption, juices, and culinary uses. In Kenya, tamarillos are grown as a perennial crop, thriving in highland and mid-altitude regions.
Read More: Best 15 Fruits in Kenya for dry areas
Tamarillo Farming in Kenya-An Overview
Tamarillo farming, though not as widespread as other crops, is gaining traction due to its high value and nutritional benefits. It is particularly important in regions like the Rift Valley, Central Kenya, and parts of Western Kenya, where the climate supports its growth. The crop contributes to rural livelihoods, offering an alternative to traditional crops like coffee and tea, and has potential for export to markets in Europe and the Middle East, where demand for exotic fruits is rising.
Tamarillos, commonly known as tree tomatoes in Kenya, are fast-growing trees that can reach up to 5 meters in height. They thrive in subtropical climates with annual rainfall between 600 and 4,000 mm and temperatures ranging from 15 to 20 °C. The trees are intolerant to frost and drought stress, making well-drained, fertile soils essential for their growth. Here’s a summary of their conditions and practices:
Ecological Requirements
- Climate: Subtropical regions with temperatures between 15 and 20 °C. Areas where citrus is cultivated provide suitable conditions.
- Rainfall: 600 to 4,000 mm annually.
- Soil: Light, deep, and fertile with a pH of 5 to 8.5. Soils must be permeable to prevent waterlogging.
- Temperature Sensitivity: Intolerant to frost (below -2 °C) and drought stress. Night temperatures affect fruit set.
Plant Characteristics
- Growth: Fast-growing, reaching up to 5 meters in height.
- Life Expectancy: About 12 years.
- Production Peak: Reached within 1 to 3 years.
- Fruit Production: 1 to 6 fruits per cluster, with cross-pollination improving fruit set.
Benefits of Tamarillo Farming
Wondering whether it is beneficial to invest in Tamarillo farming? Tamarillos support food security by providing a nutrient-dense fruit and generate income for smallholder farmers, with growing interest from urban consumers and exporters.
Below are the four best reasons to invest in tree tomato farming:
- High Profit Potential: With low maintenance after establishment and high market prices, farmers can achieve significant returns, as detailed in the profitability analysis.
- Long-Term Investment: Trees start bearing fruit after 1-2 years and can remain productive for 10-15 years, providing a stable income source.
- Growing Demand: Both locally and internationally, tamarillos are sought after for their unique flavor and health benefits, with potential for export markets.
- Climate Suitability: Thrives in Kenya’s highland and mid-altitude zones with temperatures of 15-25°C and rainfall of 800–1,500 mm annually.
How Profitable is Tamarillo Farming in Kenya?
Tamarillo farming in Kenya can be profitable, with potential net profits ranging from Ksh. 20,000 to Ksh. 200,000 per acre per year, depending on yield, market price, and management practices. The crop’s profitability is enhanced by its long productive life, but initial establishment costs and the time to maturity (1-2 years for first fruit) require patience. Well-managed farms can achieve higher returns, especially if accessing export markets. Assumptions for Profit Analysis
Yield Estimates
Tamarillo yields 5-20 kg per tree per year in Kenya, with an average of 10 kg for conservative estimates, based on various agricultural guides
Number of Trees per Acre
Approximately 528 trees, based on spacing of 2.5 m x 3 m, calculated as 4047 m² (1 acre) divided by 7.5 m² per tree (area per tree).
Total Yield per Acre:
528 trees * 10 kg/tree = 5,280 kg per year.
Farm Gate Price per kg: Estimated at Ksh. 50-100 per kg, with an average of Ksh. 75 for calculations, based on local market prices and export potential
Total Revenue per Acre: 5,280 kg * Ksh. 75 = Ksh. 396,000 per year.
Total Cost of Production per Acre
Estimated at Ksh. 106,280 annually, including amortized initial investment and recurring costs, based on detailed cost breakdown below. Detailed Revenue Analysis
Tree Age and Variety: Trees start bearing fruit after 1-2 years, with full production after 3-4 years, producing 5-20 kg per tree annually. Improved varieties and grafted plants can yield higher, up to 20 kg per tree.
Climatic Conditions: Favourable temperatures (15-25°C) and rainfall (800–1,500 mm) support high production, with irrigation needed in dry periods.
With 528 trees per acre and an average yield of 10 kg per tree, total yield is 5,280 kg per year, though under good management, it can reach 10,560 kg (20 kg per tree).
Marketable Yield
Most fruits are marketable if harvested at maturity (red or yellow, depending on variety) and handled properly. Quality affects price, with premium fruits for export fetching higher rates (up to KSh. 100/kg), while local market prices average KSh. 50-75/kg.
Total Revenue Calculation Assuming the average price of tamarillo fruits in Kenya is KSh. 75 per kg in Kenya your potential sales revenues are computed as follows’
Revenue per Acre = (marketable yield * average price) =5,280 kg * Ksh. 75 = Ksh. 396,000 per year.
On the best side if you have higher yields of 20kg per tree (10,560 kg per acre, then you can make sales worth Ksh. 792,000 (10,560 kg * Ksh. 75) per year, reflecting potential in well-managed farms.
Costs of Growing Tamarillo in Kenya
Are you wondering the money you need to plant one acre? Below is a detailed list of expenses you will spend in tree tomato farming. They are categorised into initial investment and recurring costs
Initial Investment (One-Time)
These are monies spent on establishing the tamarillo farm, they include land preparation, securing seedling. For Land preparation including ploughing and digging holes, you will need KSh. 10,000 per acre. On the other hand, to buy the 528 trees each at KSh. 100 you will need KSh. 52,800.
This will bring your total Initial Investment to KSh. 62,800. For the purpose of profit estimates, we will amortize this cost on a period of 10 years. This makes your annual costs KSh. 6,280 per year.
Annual Recurring Costs:
| Expense | Cost (Ksh./Acre/Year) |
| Land Preparation (amortized) | 1,000 |
| Seedlings (amortized) | 5,280 |
| Fertilizers | 20,000 |
| Pesticides | 10,000 |
| Labor | 50,000 |
| Irrigation | 10,000 |
| Other Costs | 10,000 |
| Total Annual Cost | 106,280 |
Best Practices for Tamarillo Farming
Wondering on how to harvest higher yields of tamarillo fruits in Kenya? This guide will delve into the key aspects of tamarillo farming, focusing on variety selection, soil and water analysis, land preparation, fertilization, irrigation, crop protection, and harvesting.
By following these guidelines, farmers in Kenya can optimize their tamarillo farming practices, ensuring high yields and profitability while meeting both local and international market demands.
Variety Selection
Choosing the best tamarillo variety will give you farming. The main varieties include:
- Red Tamarillo: This variety is highly popular for fresh consumption due to its vibrant color and high yield. It is more acidic than other varieties, making it ideal for salads and fresh eating.
- Yellow Tamarillo: Preferred for processing, yellow tamarillos have a sweeter taste and are often used in jams, jellies, and sauces. Their sweetness makes them a favorite for culinary applications.
- Improved Varieties: Grafted plants offer higher productivity and disease resistance. These varieties combine a robust rootstock with a desirable scion, enhancing overall plant health and yield.
Soil Testing and Water Analysis
Tamarillos thrive in well-drained, fertile soils rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 6.5. Soil testing is essential to determine nutrient deficiencies and ensure optimal growing conditions. Adequate water supply is critical, especially during flowering and fruiting stages. Annual rainfall should be between 800 and 1,500 mm. Drip irrigation is recommended for its efficiency in delivering water directly to the roots, minimizing water loss and reducing the risk of fungal diseases.
Land Preparation and Planting
Prepare the land by plowing it thoroughly. Dig holes that are about 30 cm deep and wide, spaced approximately 2.5 m x 3 m apart. This spacing allows for about 528 trees per acre, providing enough room for growth and air circulation. Use healthy seedlings or cuttings for planting. Ensure proper root establishment by gently placing the roots in the hole and covering them with soil. Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil.
Fertilization
Apply balanced NPK fertilizers based on soil test recommendations. Organic manure is also beneficial for maintaining soil health and structure. Tamarillos require high levels of nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium, with phosphorus supplements if necessary.
Irrigation
Efficient irrigation is crucial to maintain soil moisture, especially during dry periods. Drip irrigation is preferred as it delivers water directly to the roots, reducing evaporation and runoff. This method helps prevent fruit drop and ensures consistent fruit size and quality.
Pest Management
Common pests include aphids and fruit flies. Use integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that combine cultural practices, biological controls, and judicious use of pesticides to minimize chemical use and environmental impact.
Disease Management
Fungal infections and root rot are common diseases affecting tamarillos. Implement IPM strategies that include crop rotation, sanitation, and the use of fungicides when necessary. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to preventing disease spread.
Harvesting
Harvest tamarillos when they are fully colored, either red or yellow depending on the variety. Fruits are ready when they develop their characteristic color and are slightly soft to the touch. Harvest by gently pulling the fruit from the tree, ensuring the stalk remains attached.
Post-Harvest Handling
Handle fruits carefully to avoid bruising. Store them in cool, dry conditions to maintain quality. Tamarillos can be sold to local markets, supermarkets, or export agents for higher returns. Proper packaging and transportation are essential to preserve fruit quality during distribution.
Marketing
To get high sales, sell your fruits to local markets, supermarkets, or export agents, ensuring quality and timely delivery to fetch better prices, especially for export markets where prices can reach Ksh. 100/kg.
You can also join farmer cooperatives for better market access and collective bargaining power.
Transportation
Transport costs vary but are typically included in the total cost of production (Ksh. 10,000 per acre for marketing and transport).
Gross Margin Analysis
As earlier computed, you can sell upto Ksh. 396,000 per acre per year (based on 5,280 kg at Ksh. 75/kg).
On the other hand, your total costs are around Ksh. 106,280 per acre per year.
This will give you a gross margin of Ksh. 396,000 – Ksh. 106,280 = Ksh. 289,720 per acre per year.
Net Profit
Assuming no additional costs, net profit is Ksh. 289,720 per acre per year. For lower yields (2,640 kg at Ksh. 75/kg = Ksh. 198,000 revenue), net profit is Ksh. 198,000 – Ksh. 106,280 = Ksh. 91,720 per year, reflecting a range of Ksh. 20,000 to Ksh. 200,000 depending on yield and price.
Return on Investment (ROI)
(289,720 ÷ 106,280) × 100 = 272.6% per year, indicating high returns once established, though initial years have lower or no income.
Challenges facing Tamarillo farming in Kenya
While profitable, tamarillo farming faces the following challenges.
- Initial Investment and Maturity Period: High setup costs (Ksh. 62,800 per acre) and a 1-2 year wait for first fruit require patience and capital.
- Market Risks: Prices can fluctuate (Ksh. 50-100 per kg), affecting profitability, though export potential offers growth opportunities.
- Pest and Disease Pressure: Farmers must manage pests like fruit flies and diseases like root rot to prevent losses.
- Limited Awareness: As a niche crop, market access and knowledge may be limited, mitigated by training from KALRO and agricultural extension services.
In Conclusion
Tamarillo farming in Kenya is profitable, with potential net profits of Ksh. 20,000 to Ksh. 200,000 per acre per year, driven by high yields (2,640–10,560 kg per acre) and growing market demand, especially for export. Its long productive life (10-15 years) and nutritional value make it attractive, but farmers must manage initial costs, technical challenges, and market risks. Adopting best practices and leveraging market opportunities can enhance profitability.
